Wireless, RF & Smart Dust

Crystal-free transceivers offer a highly integrated, miniaturized, and power-efficient solution for IoT networks. However, without any time and frequency reference, they need to calibrate their freerunning oscillators, especially their RF oscillator, before they are interoperable with other IoT devices. To join wireless sensor networks that implement a time-synchronized channel-hopping (TSCH) protocol based on the IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer, crystal-free radios have to find the correct frequency tuning settings for all sixteen channels in the 2.4GHz ISM band. We propose an automatic,...

Current quantum processor units (QPUs) have achieved over 1,000 qubits (e.g., IBM's Condor processor). However, scaling quantum platforms toward 1 million qubits demands breakthroughs in quantum hardware, connectivity, error correction, and system architecture. To address the scalability of quantum interconnects, Cryo-CMOS control and readout circuits have demonstrated efficacy in reducing wiring complexity, latency, and thermal loads. However, the CMOS circuits limit the active heat load to 1–2 mW/qubit, imposing a limit of approximately 1,000 qubits in state-of-the-art dilution...

As artificial intelligence and edge computing industries continue to expand, there is a growing demand for adaptive wireless sensors capable of high-precision and low-power data acquisition. Recent studies in sensing interfaces have achieved uV-level precision with uW-level of power per channel. Among various architectures, VCO (voltage-controlled oscillator)-based structure draws attention due to its compact area and scalability with advanced technology nodes. However, inherent VCO nonidealities such as V-F nonlinearity and PVT variations, limit the maximal achievable SNDR and dynamic...

Current clinical practice for detecting low-concentration molecular biomarkers requires sending samples to centralized labs, leading to high costs and delays (Fig. 20.3.1). Recent developments in molecular diagnostics thus aim to enable point-of-care (POC) detection directly at or near the patient's location [1]–[2]. The most successful POC technology to date is the paper-based lateral-flow assay (LFA) [3]–[4]. Examples include pregnancy tests that sense progesterone and SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests. However, paper-based assays generally provide binary results or limited quantitative...