Prof. Pedram Mohseni
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Case Western Reserve University
April 26, 2011 | 12:00 to 01:00 | 540 Cory Hall, DOP Center Conference Room
Host: Michel Maharbiz
To date, brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) have sought to interface the brain with the external world using intrinsic neuronal signals as input commands for controlling external devices, or device-generated electrical signals to mimic sensory inputs to the nervous system. A new generation of neuroprostheses is now emerging that aims to combine neural recording, signal processing, and microstimulation functionalities for closed-loop operation. These devices might use information extracted from brain chemical and electrical neural activity to trigger microstimulation or modulate stimulus parameters in real time, potentially enhancing the clinical efficacy of neuromodulation in alleviating pathologic symptoms or restoring lost sensory and motor functions in the disabled. This seminar will first present novel integrated recording systems that can concurrently sense neurochemical signals and neural action potentials in the brain. Prototype devices fabricated in 0.5-um CMOS have successfully recorded chemically-resolved levels of dopamine evoked by electrical stimulation as well as amphetamine administration in anesthetized and ambulatory rats with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) at a carbon-fiber microelectrode (CFM). The presentation will then focus on a miniaturized system for activity-dependent intracortical microstimulation as a novel approach for potentially orchestrating new long-range connectivity patterns in the cerebral cortex after brain injury. The neurophysiological rationale behind this work as well as our measurement results from a prototype device fabricated in 0.35-um CMOS will be presented in anesthetized and ambulatory rats. This work has the potential to remarkably advance the neurorehabilitation field at the level of functional neurons and networks.
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